Cindy L. Munro, Ph.D., RN, ANP-C, FAAN
Professor
Contact Information VCU School of Nursing |
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Education
| 1992 | Ph.D. | Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. Clinical Science Program, offered cooperatively by the School of Nursing and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology in the School of Basic Health Sciences. Dissertation: Sucrose-derived exopolysaccharides of Streptococcus mutans are virulence factors in dental |
| 1997 | A.N.P. | School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. Post-Master's Adult Nurse Practitioner Certificate. |
| 1984 | M.S.N. | College of Nursing, University of Delaware, Newark, DE. Medical-surgical Nursing (Cardiopulmonary Clinical Specialist emphasis). Thesis: Effects of back massage on anxiety level of patients with acute myocardial infarction. |
| 1983 | B.S.N. | Millersville University of Pennsylvania, Millersville, PA. |
| 1976 | Diploma Professional Nursing | York Hospital School of Nursing, York, PA. |
Memberships in Professional Organizations
American Academy of Nurses
American Association of Critical Care Nurses
American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Society for Microbiology
Sigma Theta Tau, Gamma Omega Chapter
Society of Critical Care Medicine
Southern Nursing Research Society
Virginia Council of Nurse Practitioners
Research Funding/External Funding
Munro, C.L., Grap, M.J., Carter, W.H., and Sessler, C. Oral Care Intervention in Mechanically Ventilated Adults. Funded by NIH National Institute of Nursing Research R01 NR07652, 03/01/02 to 02/28/07 (NCE to 2/28/08).
McCain, N., Munro, C.L., Pickler, R.H., Grap, M.J., and Elswick, R.K. Biobehavioral Research in Critical Health Experiences. Funded by NIH NIH National Institute of Nursing Research, Developmental Center Grant P20 NR008988, 4/01/04- 3/31-09. Role: Measurement Services Coordinator.
Grap, M.J., Munro, C.L., Sessler, C.N., Best, A., and Wetzel, P. Sedation Effects in Mechanically Ventilated Patients. Funded by NIH National Institute of Nursing Research R01 NR009506, 1/1/07-12/31/09.
Kitten, T. and Munro, C.L. Streptococcal virulence factors in extra-oral disease. Funded by NIH National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research R01 AI47841, 6/01/01-6/30/2010.
Grap, MJ, Munro, C.L., Elswick, RK, Sessler, C.N., and Ward, K.R. A peri-intubation intervention to reduce oral flora and VAP. Funded by U.S. Department of Defense TriService Nursing Research Program, DOD MDA-905-03-1-TS02, 08/01/03 - 07/31/05 (NCE to 8/31/07).
Jablonski, R., Munro, C.L., Grap, M.J., and Elswick, R.K. Improving oral care provided by nursing assistants, Funded by NIH National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research R21 DEO164664, 9/15/04-6/30/06.
Sessler, C.N., Grap, M.J., Munro, C.L., Jefferson, D. Anesthesia Recovery in Critical Care (ARC2): Assessing Sedation and Agitation. Funded by Baxter Healthcare, 5/04-5/05.
Grap, M.J. and Munro, C.L. Backrest Position and Oral Health: Effect on Ventilator Associated Pneumonia. Funded by NIH National Institute of Nursing Research, 7/98-6/00.
Macrina, F.L. and Munro, C.L. Development of a vaccine to prevent streptococcal endocarditis. Funded by MedImmune, Inc., 1996-2000.
McCain, N. L., Munjas, B.A., Munro, C.L., Kimball. P.M., Elswick, R.K., and Kaplowitz, L.G. PNI-based stress management interventions in HIV disease. Funded by NIH National Institute of Nursing Research, R01.
Research Activities
Biobehavioral Clinical Research: Dr. Munro’s work focuses on oral health and associated systemic illness including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and endocarditis. In addition to her work with animal studies focused on the development of a vaccine to prevent streptococcal and endocarditis, she has an NIH funded R01 entitled Oral Care Intervention in Mechanically Ventilated Adults.
Awards, Fellowships & Honors
Society of Critical Care Medicine, Research Abstract Award, 2007.
Fellow, American Academy of Nursing, 2005.
VCU School of Nursing Senior Investigator Research Award, 2003.
MEDSURG Nursing Writer's Award, Academy of MEDSURG Nurses, 1996.
Doris B. Yingling Research Award, "Oral care in the adult intensive care unit," J.Fitch, C.Munro, J. Caponigro, C. Glass, Nursing Services, Medical College of Virginia Hospitals, 1995.
Doris B. Yingling Research Award, "Reduction of bacteria in expressed breast milk," N. Thompson, J. Shotwell, R. Pickler, and C. Munro. Nursing Services, Medical College of Virginia Hospitals, 1993.
Gold Key, the Honor Society of Lynchburg College, faculty membership.
Selected Publications (selected from 60 peer-refereed publications)
O’Neal, P., Munro, C.L., and Grap, M.J. (2007). Subglottic Secretion Viscosity and Evacuation Efficiency, Biological Research for Nursing, 8: 202-209.
Munro, C.L., Grap, M.J., Elswick, R.K. Jr , McKinney, J.L., Sessler, C.N., and Hummell, R.S. (2006). Effect of oral health status on the development of ventilator associated pneumonia: A descriptive study. American Journal of Critical Care, 15: 453-460.
Munro, C.L. , Grap, M.J., Jablonski, R., and Boyle, A.H. (2006). Oral health measurement in nursing research: State of the science. Biological Research for Nursing, 8: 35-42.
Grap, M.J., Pickler, R.H., and Munro, C.L. (2006). Observation of behavior in sedated, mechanically ventilated children, Pediatric Nursing, 32: 216-220.
Bearman, G.M.L., Munro, C., Sessler, C.N., Wenzel, R.P. (2006). Infection control and the prevention of nosocomial infections in the ICU. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 27: 310-324.
Paik, S., Senty, L., Das, S., Noe, J.C., Munro, C.L., and Kitten, T. (2005). Identification of Virulence Determinants for Endocarditis in Streptococcus sanguis by Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis, Infection and Immunity, 73: 6064-6074.
Grap, M.J., Munro, C.L., Hummell, R.S., Elswick, R.K. Jr , McKinney, J.L., and Sessler, C.N. (2005). Effect of backrest elevation on the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia, American Journal of Critical Care,14: 325-332
Grap, M. J., Borchers, C.T., Munro. C. L. Elswick, R. K., Sessler, C. N. (2005). Actigraphy in the critically ill: Correlation with agitation and sedation. American Journal of Critical Care, 14(1), 52-60.
Grap, M.J., Munro, C.L. (2005). Quality improvement in backrest elevation: Improving outcomes in critical care. AACN Clinical Issues: Advanced Practice in Acute and Critical Care, 16(2), 133- 139.
Jablonski, R.A., Munro, C.L., Grap, M.J., and Elswick, R.K. Jr. (2005). The Role of Biobehavioral, Environmental, and Social Forces on Oral Health Disparities in Frail and Functionally Dependent Nursing Home Elders, Biological Research for Nursing, 7:75-82
Grap, M. J., Munro, C. (2004). Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia: Evidence-based care. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, 16(3), 349-358.
Munro, C.L., and Grap, M.J. (2004). Oral health and care in the ICU: State of the Science. American Journal of Critical Care, 13, 25-34.
Grap, M.J., Munro, C.L., Elswick, R.K.Jr , Sessler, C.N. and Ward, K.R. (2004). Duration of action of a single, early oral application of chlorhexidine on oral microbial microbial flora in mechanically ventilated patients: A pilot study. Heart & Lung, 33, 83-91.
Paik, S., Brown, A., Munro, C.L., Cornelissen, C.N., and Kitten, T. (2003). The sloABCR operon of Streptococcus mutans encodes a Mn and Fe transport systemrequired for endocarditis virulence and its Mn-dependent repressor. Journal of Bacteriology, 185, 5967-75.
Grap, M.J., Munro, C.L., Ashtiani, B, and Bryant, S. Oral care interventions in critical care: Frequency and documentation. American Journal of Critical Care, 12, 113-119, 2003
Grap, M.J., Blecha, T, and Munro, C. A description of patient’s report of endotracheal tube discomfort. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 18, 244-249, 2003.
McCain NL, Munjas BA, Munro CL, Elswick RK Jr, Robins JL, Ferreira-Gonzalez A, Baliko B, Kaplowitz LG, Fisher EJ, Garrett CT, Brigle KE, Kendall LC, Lucas V, Cochran KL. Effects of stress management on PNI-based outcomes in persons with HIV disease. Research in Nursing and Health. 26,102-17, 2003.
Grap, M.J., Munro, C.L. , Ashtiani, B., and Bryant, S. Predictors of backrest elevation in critical care. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 19, 68-74, 2003
Grap, M.J., and Munro, C. Subject recruitment in critical care nursing research: A complex task in a complex environment. Heart & Lung, 32, 162-16, 2003
O’Neal P.V., Brown N., and Munro C. Physiologic factors contributing to a transition in oral immunity among mechanically ventilated adults. Biological Research for Nursing, 3, 132-139, 2002
Dillon, A., Munro, C. L., and Grap, M. J. Nurses' accuracy in estimating backrest elevation. American Journal of Critical Care, 34, 34-37, 2002
Kitten, T., Munro, C.L., Wang, A., and Macrina, F.L. Vaccination with FimA from Streptococcus parasanguis protects rats from endocarditis caused by other viridans streptococci. Infection and Immunity, 70, 422-425, 2002
Munro, C. L., and Grap, M. J. Nurses' knowledge and attitudes about antibiotic therapy in critical care. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 17, 213-218, 2001
Lyon, D.E., and Munro, C.L. Disease Severity and Symptoms of Depression in Black Americans Infected with HIV. Applied Nursing Research, 14(1), 3-10, 2001
Kitten, T., Munro, C.L., Michalek, S.M., and Macrina, F.L. Genetic characterization of a Streptococcus mutans LraI family operon and role in virulence. Infection and Immunity, 68, 4441-4451, 2000.
Hummel, R., Grap, M.J., Sessler, C., Munro, C.L., and Corley, M. Continuous measurement of backrest elevation: A research strategy. Critical Care Medicine, 28, 2621-2625, 2000.
Fitch, J.A., Munro, C.L., Glass, C.A., and Pelligrini J.M. Oral Care in the Adult Intensive Care Unit. American Journal of Critical Care, 8, 314-318, 1999.
Munro, C.L. The rat model of endocarditis. Methods in Cell Science, 20, 203-207, 1998.
Grap, M.J., and Munro, C.L. Ventilator associated pneumonia: Clinical significance and implications for nursing. Heart and Lung, 26, 419-429, 1997.
Neil, J.A. and Munro, C.L. A comparison of two culturing methods for chronic wounds. Ostomy/Wound Management,43, (3), 20-30, 1997.
Pelligrini, J.M., Fitch, J.A., Munro, C.L., and Glass, C.A. Oral hygiene in the intensive care unit: Interdisciplinary approach to oral health. Journal of Practical Hygiene, 6 (4), 15-17, 1997.
Viscount, H.B., Munro, C.L., Burnette-Curley, D., Peterson, D.L., and Macrina, F.L. Immunization with FimA protects against Streptococcus parasanguis endocarditis in rats. Infection and Immunity, 65, 994-1002, 1997.
Thompson, N., Pickler, R.H., Munro, C.L., and Shotwell, J. Contamination in breast milk following breast cleansing. Journal of Human Lactation, 13, 127-130, 1997.
Representative Presentations
Munro, C.L., Grap, M.J., McClish, D., & Sessler, C.N. Chlorhexidine reduces ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanically ventilated ICU adults. 36th Critical Care Congress of the Society of Critical Care Medicine, Orlando, Florida, 2007.
Munro, C.L. (symposium coordinator), Grap, M.J., Boyle, A.H., and Jablonski, R. Symposium: Oral Health Research: Improving patient outcomes. National State of the Science Congress in Nursing Research, Council for the Advancement of Nursing Science, Washington, DC, 2006.
Munro, C.L. Effective strategies for the prevention of Hospital-Associated pneumonia: Nursing Perspective. Invited plenary session presentation, CHEST 2005, Seventy-first Annual International Scientific Assembly of the American Council of Chest Physicians, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2005.
Grap, M.J., Munro, C., Elswick, R.K., Sessler, C.N., Ward, K.R. Duration of action of a single, early oral application of chlorhexidine on oral microbial flora in mechanically ventilated patients: A pilot study. Advanced Technology applications for Combat Casualty Care (ATACC). St. Pete Beach, FL, Aug 2004.
Grap, M.J., Munro, C., Hummel, R.S., Elswick, R.K., J McKinney, J. L., Sessler, C.N. Effect of backrest elevation on the development of ventilator associated pneumonia. 2004 National State of the Science Conference. Nursing Science: Working Toward a Healthier Nation. Washington, DC, Oct, 2004.
Grap, M. J., Munro, C., O’Neal, P.V., Sole, M.L. Best Practices: Improving outcomes of mechanical ventilation. Pre-conference for the National Teaching Institute of the American Association of Critical Care Nurses. New Orleans, LA, May, 2005.
Jefferson, D.M., Munro, C.L., & Grap, M.J. Natural history of dental plaque accumulation in mechanically ventilated adults. Southern Nursing Research Society 19th Annual Conference. Atlanta, GA. 2005.
Munro, C.L., Boyle, A.H., Estes, T.S., & Locke, D.L. A Description of Oral Health and COPD Exacerbations. Poster presented at the 15th Annual Educational Conference, Respiratory Nursing Society, Newport, KY, April 30, 2005.
Munro, C., Grap, M.J, Sessler, C.N., Elswick, R.K., McKinney, J. L., Hummel, R.S. Relationship between oral health and risk of ventilator associated pneumonia. 2004 National State of the Science Conference. Nursing Science: Working Toward a Healthier Nation. Washington, DC, Oct, 2004.
Munro, C.L. (Symposium Coordinator), Graff, J.C., Grant, S., Loescher, L.J., and Nicol, M.J. Plenary Session: Evidence Based Practice Panel, International Society of Nurses in Genetics 2004 Conference, Toronto, Canada.